6 Different Types of Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles have taken the automotive industry by storm in recent years, and it's no wonder why! The rise in popularity of these eco-friendly cars has led to the development of various types of electric vehicles (EVs) to suit different needs. From battery-operated vehicles to plug-in hybrids and everything in between, there's an EV for everyone.

In Canada, the government has set ambitious targets to promote zero-emission vehicles. By 2025, they aim for 10% of annual light vehicle sales to be zero-emission, with a full transition to 100% zero-emission vehicles by 2040. This reflects the growing importance of sustainable transportation in tackling climate change. Maybe it’s time for you to switch to an electric vehicle too?

If you're considering buying an electric vehicle but feeling unsure about which type is right for you, you've come to the right place! In this blog, we'll explore the different types of electric vehicles available and highlight their unique features. By the end of this read, you'll have a clearer understanding of the various electric vehicle options.

 

Here are the six different types of electric vehicles:

 

1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

 

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are fully electric vehicles that exclusively depend on rechargeable batteries for their power. These vehicles do not possess an internal combustion engine, resulting in zero tailpipe emissions and a significantly reduced carbon footprint. 

To recharge their batteries, BEVs require connection to an electric power source, typically through charging stations or home charging units. The driving range of BEVs varies based on factors such as battery capacity and advancements in technology. 

With advancements in battery technology and infrastructure, BEVs are increasingly becoming a viable and eco-friendly option for transportation, offering a sustainable solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and combat climate change.

 

2. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

 

HEVs can run on gasoline or electricity, or a combination of both. Similar to regular vehicles, operating a hybrid electric vehicle is as simple as fueling up and driving. The hybrid system activates and deactivates the engine as needed, reducing fuel consumption and providing additional power when required.

When decelerating or at a standstill, the conventional combustion engine shuts off, allowing the vehicle to run solely on electric power, conserving fuel. During moments of aggressive acceleration, the petrol or diesel engine (depending on the car) automatically reignites to provide the necessary power. 

HEVs offer several advantages, including significant fuel savings. Moreover, depending on the specifications and technology employed, they can travel certain distances using electric power alone.

To sum up, fully hybrid electric vehicles offer the convenience of regular vehicles while incorporating intelligent hybrid systems that enhance fuel efficiency and provide short electric-only driving capabilities, depending on the model and technology utilized.

 

3. Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (MHEV)

 

A mild hybrid system offers modest electrical assistance to the engine. The specifics may vary among brands, but generally, the system aids the engine during intense acceleration and contributes to a smoother operation of the stop-start system.

This additional support reduces the workload on the combustion engine and enhances both fuel efficiency and acceleration.

However, unlike fully hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrids, mild hybrids cannot operate solely on electric power.

 

4. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs):

 

Plug-in hybrids operate similarly to full hybrids, but they offer a significantly extended electric range, typically ranging from 15 to 50 miles depending on the specific model.

Once the electric range is depleted, plug-in hybrids function as fully hybrid vehicles, with the petrol or diesel engine seamlessly activating and deactivating as needed.

The concept behind plug-in hybrids is to allow most individuals to charge their vehicle's batteries and complete their daily commutes using electric power alone, resulting in fuel and cost savings.

In essence, plug-in hybrids combine the benefits of electric driving for shorter distances with the flexibility of a full hybrid, providing a solution that optimizes fuel efficiency and offers increased electric-powered commuting capabilities.

 

5. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs):

 

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) utilize hydrogen as their power source. The process involves a fuel cell, which takes hydrogen and oxidizes it to generate an electrical charge. This charge is then directed into a battery, where it is stored and used by electric motors to propel the vehicle.

FCEVs offer higher efficiency compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and produce no harmful emissions from their tailpipes. Instead, FCEVs emit only water vapor and warm air, making them environmentally friendly.

Unlike other electric vehicles, there is no need for charging; simply fill the car with hydrogen, and you're ready to go. FCEVs operate silently, similar to battery electric vehicles (BEVs).

However, the availability of hydrogen refueling infrastructure is currently limited. There are only six public hydrogen refueling stations in Canada. 

 

6. Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (PZEV)

 

Partial Zero Emission Vehicle, or PZEV, is a designation given to vehicles that produce very low emissions. PZEVs typically use advanced technologies and emission control systems to minimize their environmental impact.

To achieve the PZEV classification, a vehicle must meet specific criteria, including meeting stringent tailpipe emission standards, having a longer warranty on emission control components, and employing advanced emission control technologies. 

While PZEVs are not completely zero-emission vehicles, they represent a significant reduction in emissions compared to conventional vehicles, making them a more environmentally friendly option.

PZEVs are gasoline-powered vehicles that boast extremely clean emissions, emitting zero evaporative emissions and meeting Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV) tailpipe emission standards. While they still emit carbon monoxide, PZEVs significantly reduce the environmental impact associated with daily vehicular commutes.

In conclusion, the world of electric vehicles offers a wide range of options to suit diverse needs and preferences. From battery electric vehicles (BEVs) that provide emission-free driving to hybrid models, plug-in hybrids, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and partial zero emission vehicles (PZEVs), there is an electric vehicle for everyone. Choose the electric vehicle that aligns with your lifestyle and environmental goals, and be part of the exciting transformation toward cleaner transportation.